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The Prussian Law on Freedom of Trade, signed by State Chancellor Hardenberg and King Frederick William III (September 7, 1811)

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135. Persons who practice a trade as itinerants shall be given a trade license only after presenting an authorization from the government.

136. This includes, specifically, itinerant traders of any kind. However, it shall be seen to include merchants, manufacturers, and tradesmen who visit fairs with their goods, and offer them for sale there in open shops and stalls; also, no farmers and rural tradesmen who bring their goods to market: but only those who take their own or foreign goods outside of their usual residence from place to place to sell, and offer them on the open road, in taverns, or private houses as they move about.

137. In addition, it includes hucksters and collectors of every kind. But it does not include those who travel about in order to purchase materials for their own manufacture, something that can be done without offense with a mere manufacturing license and police travel pass. Nor does it include those who visit fairs to procure goods wholesale to resell; but only those whose trade lies in traveling about the land in order to purchase, in private houses, taverns, or on the open road, goods of any kind for reselling.

138. In addition, it includes pig, cattle, and horse castrators, tinkers, pot-binders, whetters, provided the latter do not practice their trade in shops or permanent stalls.

139. Finally, it includes puppeteers, rope walkers, balancers, jugglers, animal handlers, itinerant musicians, in fact, all those who travel about to display any kind of thing or contraption for money.

140. All tradespeople identified in ยง 136-139 must seek the permission of the government in whose province they wish to ply their trade.

141. If their travels extend across two or three neighboring provinces, then permission must be sought from each relevant government.

142. Valid permits that cover the entire state can be issued only by the general police department, which will notify all governments in such cases. [ . . . ]

144. This permit is usually issued for three years, though after its expiration it can be extended for three years at a time through a simple notice of extension. [ . . . ]

146. The authorities that issue or extend such permits have the discretion to choose the means that they will use to convince themselves of the trustworthiness and legality of the applicant.

147. They can also deny such permits, or their extension, if they lack this conviction, and recourse against this decision can be had only with the next-highest police authority.

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