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The Prussian Law on Freedom of Trade, signed by State Chancellor Hardenberg and King Frederick William III (September 7, 1811)

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148. Moreover, resident and known persons must have the police authority in their place of residence validate their permit on an annual basis to show that no justified complaint against their legality has occurred.

149. Non-residents or unknown persons in the Prussian states must request such an attestation [as mentioned in] § 148 from the relevant police authorities during their respective stay.

150. The trade license for the trades listed in §§ 136-139 can be issued only for those permits that are properly endowed with the attestations of §§ 148, 149, and of which the most recent one is not more than four weeks old.

151. The trade with colonial and other highly taxed goods, such as wine, foreign liquors and the like; in addition, factories that process such goods, e.g., tobacconists, shall be allowed in the land only upon the express permission of the tax committee of the governments, and this permission shall be issued only if the state taxes are completely secured through existing controls.

152. All attestations and declarations that are issued solely for the purpose of obtaining trade licenses with them shall be prepared free of stamps and costs, since the intent is not to indirectly increase the trade tax through stamp taxes and fees. [ . . . ]

154. Foreigners who enter the land merely to make purchases at annual or weekly fairs do not need a trade license for this business.

155. However, foreigners who visit annual or weekly fairs to sell goods there, or to engage in commission, carrying trade, and currency exchange businesses, or who seek orders for their wares, must take out a trade license. [ . . . ]

156. Foreigners are permitted to take out only a three-month trade license, provided their business in the land is completed within the time period for which such a trade license is valid. [ . . . ]

157. In such singular cases where special personal qualities are important, every legal and blameless resident of the state is entitled to use the assistance of a foreigner in whom he has special trust. However, the latter must likewise be a person beyond suspicion.

158. The extent to which such foreigners shall be called on for taxes and charges for individual services they render in the Prussian states remains initially left to the appropriate judgment of the governments, given the great variety of the cases.

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