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"The Jesuit: The Obscurantist without a Homeland." A Propaganda Pamphlet by Hubert Hermanns (1933)
The Nazis declared the Catholic order of the Jesuits "public vermin" [Volksschädlingen] – the same term it used to describe the Freemasons. Its members were persecuted, interned, and sometimes....
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Reich Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich (July 20, 1933)
Although the Catholic Church represented only a third of the German population, the Nazi regime saw it as a particular challenge. On a political level, Catholic interests were traditionally represented....
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Election Propaganda on the Church Steps – the Church Elections in Berlin (July 1933)
As in all other areas of life, the Nazi regime sought to establish totalitarian control in the realm of the church and religion. Although Hitler asserted that he would preserve the rights and integrity....
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Ballot for the Church Elections in Berlin (July 23, 1933)
The German Christians [Deutsche Christen] won the July 23, 1933, church elections with a clear....
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Meeting of Catholic Youth Organizations in Berlin-Neukölln (August 20, 1933)
The Catholic Church’s general ideological rejection of National Socialism was reflected in its youth organizations. After Hitler seized power, these groups were not prepared to dissolve or give up....
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Reich Conference of German Christians at the Sportpalast in Berlin (November 13, 1933)
In 1932, the German Christian movement [Glaubensbewegung Deutsche Christen] established itself as an important National Socialist splinter group within the Protestant Church. It was organized....
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Protestant Girls' Youth Organization before its Dissolution (April 1, 1934)
Initially, Protestant youth groups were more united than their Catholic counterparts in welcoming the new state that emerged after the Nazi takeover. They considered themselves part of the “national....
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Hitler Greets Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller and Abbott Albanus Schachleitner as Honorary Guests at the "Reich Party Rally for Unity and Strength" (September 4-10, 1934)
State suppression of the Christian churches was institutionalized with the founding of the Ministry of Church Affairs in July 1935. Before that, National Socialist policy towards the churches had....
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Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller after his Inauguration at the Berlin Cathedral (September 23, 1934)
Pastor Ludwig Müller joined the NSDAP in 1931; he was a founder and regional leader of the German Christian....
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A Crucifix and an Anti-Semitic Message at the Entrance to a Franconian Village (1935)
While the Nazi regime's anti-Catholic policies alienated vast segments of the Catholic population, some....
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