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Peace Treaties of Westphalia (October 14/24, 1648)*

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§4. [Lorraine.] The controversy affecting Lorraine shall be referred to arbitrators nominated by both sides or it shall be terminated by a treaty between France and Spain or some other friendly means. [ . . . ]

§6. [Restoration of Properties.] If the possessors of properties that are to be restored think they have lawful exceptions, these [exceptions] shall not hinder the restitution; after this is done, their reasons and exceptions may be examined before competent judges. [ . . . ]

§69. [Protection of the Peace.] And that the said peace and amity between the emperor and the Most Christian King may be the more corroborated and the public safety better provided for, it has been agreed with the consent, advice, and will of the electors, princes, and estates of the Empire for the benefit of peace.

§70. [Prince-bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun.] (40) First, that the chief dominion, right of sovereignty, and all other rights upon the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, (41) and over the cities of that name and their dioceses, particularly over Moyenvick, (42) in the same manner as they formerly belonged to the emperor, shall for the future appertain to the crown of France and shall be irrevocably incorporated with that forever except the right of the metropolitan, which belongs to the archbishopric of Trier.

§71. [Restoration of the Prince-bishop of Verdun.] Lord Francis, (43) duke of Lorraine, shall be restored to the possession of the bishopric of Verdun as the lawful bishop there. [ . . . ]

§72. [Pinerolo.] (44) Second, the emperor and Empire resign and transfer to the Most Christian King and his successors the right of direct lordship and sovereignty, and all that has belonged or might belong to him and the Holy Roman Empire up to now in Pinerolo.

§73. [Cession of Austrian Rights in Alsace and Breisach.] (45) Third, the emperor on his own behalf and behalf of the whole most serene House of Austria and also of the Empire resigns all rights, properties, domains, possessions, and jurisdictions, which have up to now belonged to him, the Empire, and the family of Austria, over the city of Breisach, the landgraviate of Upper and Lower Alsace, Sundgau, and the provincial lordship of ten Imperial cities situated in Alsace, namely, Hagenau, Colmar, Schlettstadt, Weissenburg, Landau, Oberehnheim, Rosheim, Münster im St. Gregoriental, Kaysersberg, Türkheim, and of all the villages and other rights which depend on the said landgraviates. (46) One and all there are made over to the Most Christian King and the kingdom of France in the same manner as the city of Breisach
[ . . . ] nevertheless, with the privileges and liberties granted to the said town formerly by the House of Austria.




(40) The three Lorraine bishoprics that had been occupied by the French king since the war of 1552.
(41) The three prince-bishoprics within the boundaries of the duchy of Lorraine that were taken by King Henry II of France in 1552.
(42) A district in the duchy of Lorraine.
(43) Duke Francis (1599-1672) of Lorraine, bishop of Verdun (1623-61).
(44) Pinerolo was a key strong point in the duchy of Savoy, much of which lay in the Empire.
(45) Breisach was one of two fortresses retained by the French king on the right bank of the Rhine. The other was Philippsburg (§76).
(46) Omitting Strasbourg, these are the Imperial cities of Alsace, the Decapolis.

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