Documents - Science and Education

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1.	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Excerpts from Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline (1817) The philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831), the most eminent representative of German....
2.	Leopold von Ranke: Excerpts from Selected Works (1824-1881) Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886) was one of the most important and prolific German historians of the....
3.	Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz: Excerpt from the Essay "On the Causes of Crime Getting out of Hand" (1836) Written by the Prussian noble landlord Friedrich August von der Marwitz (1777-1838), this essay relates to contemporary discussions about the expansion of public education for the lower classes,....
4.	Alexander von Humboldt: Excerpts from Cosmos (1845-58) Toward the end of his life, the geographer, naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859)....
5.	Friedrich Diesterweg: "An Educator's Little Book of Crabs" (1856) Friedrich Adolf Diesterweg (1790-1866), a schoolteacher and prominent proponent of progressive pedagogy, used the title of his essay to criticize the reactionary nature of advocates of traditional....
6.	Hermann von Helmholtz: Excerpts from a Speech Given on the Occasion of his Appointment as Pro-Rector at the University of Heidelberg (1862) Opposing Hegel's ideal of a philosophical unity of knowledge, the physicist Hermann von Helmholtz....
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