Household Income and Expenses (1909)
The statistics presented here show differences in income and consumer behavior among the households of workers, white-collar workers (including teachers), and civil servants. Notice the vast disparity in household income and expenses between workers and teachers: the latter earned and consumed almost twice as much.
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I. Household budgets of families of workers, white-collar workers, and civil servants (1): Income
Occupation of the head of the household | Number of households | Average income in Marks and (%) (2) | Total | Husband’s earned income | Husband’s side income | Wife’s income | Childrens’ contribution | Rent from tenants | Other cash income | Earnings in kind | All households | 852 | 2,192.08 | 1,805.35 (82.4) | 51.10 (2.3) | 60.26 (2.7) | 36.79 (1.7) | 44.07 (2.0) | 174.93 (8.0) | 19.58 (0.9) | Among them: | | A. Workers | 522 | 1,835.38 | 1,507.92 (82.2) | 41.05 (2.2) | 79.24 (4.3) | 44.49 (2.4) | 52.98 (2.9) | 102.19 (5.6) | 7.51 (0.4) | I. Commercial | 436 | 1,865.96 | 1,536.46 (82.3) | 43.05 (2.3) | 73.94 (4.0) | 42.88 (2.3) | 55.96 (3.0) | 105.69 (5.7) | 7.98 (0.4) | a) skilled | 382 | 1,885.68 | 1,569.46 (83.2) | 44.65 (2.4) | 65.57 (3.5) | 42.46 (2.2) | 52.17 (2.8) | 104.77 (5.6) | 6.60 (0.3) | b) unskilled | 54 | 1,726.51 | 1,303.01 (75.5) | 31.80 (1.8) | 133.19 (7.7) | 45.85 (2.7) | 82.72 (4.8) | 112.20 (6.5) | 17.74 (1.0) | II. Workers in trade and commerce | 53 | 1,737.31 | 1,374.20 (79.1) | 27.54 (1.6) | 111.18 (6.4) | 66.19 (3.8) | 45.78 (2.6) | 104.18 (6.0) | 8.24 (0.5) | III. Workers without a more detailed designation | 33 | 1,588.81 | 1,345.65 (84.7) | 36.32 (2.3) | 97.93 (6.2) | 30.93 (1.9) | 25.31 (1.6) | 52.67 (3.3) | - - | B. Private employees | 36 | 2,441.69 | 2,012.11 (82.4) | 32.30 (1.3) | 79.69 (3.3) | 33.08 (1.4) | 25.67 (1.0) | 248.63 (10.2) | 10.21 (0.4) | C. Teachers | 79 | 3,294.32 | 2,753.05 (83.6) | 180.30 (5.5) | 7.03 (0.2) | - - | 5.69 (0.2) | 281.37 (8.5) | 66.88 (2.0) | D. Mid-level civil servants | 139 | 2,861.72 | 2,376.71 (83.1) | 27.20 (0.9) | 10.19 (0.4) | 13.99 (0.5) | 34.64 (1.2) | 369.11 (12.9) | 29.88 (1.0) | E. Lower-level civil servants | 67 | 2,084.31 | 1,693.96 (81.3) | 41.11 (2.0) | 24.71 (1.2) | 69.77 (3.3) | 44.59 (2.1) | 171.64 (8.2) | 38.58 (1.9) | |