Elsa Einstein with American Pacifists at a Peace Demonstration in Berlin’s Lustgarten (1921)

In 1920, members of various pacifist groups established the No-More-War Action Committee to organize annual mass rallies on August 1st to commemorate the outbreak of World War I. The rallies were held under the motto “No more war” [Nie-wieder-Krieg]. The organizers of these rallies hoped to generate a mass anti-war movement. Well-known figures such as Albert Einstein and his second wife Elsa (pictured here) were committed pacifists.

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