Net Domestic Product by Economic Sector (1870-1913) The table below shows how much of Germany’s net domestic product (NDP) – in millions of marks (at factor cost) – was generated by the country’s various economic sectors. We see that agriculture lost its economic primacy around 1890, with its share of the NDP decreasing between 1870 and 1913 from more than 40% to just 23%. Agriculture’s loss was industry’s gain: in 1913 more than half of Germany’s NDP was generated by industry, crafts, mining, and transportation.
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page 1 of 1 Figures in Millions of Marks at 1913 Prices Year Agri- culture, forestry, fishery Mining and salt- works Industry and crafts Trans- portation Trade, banking, insurances, restaurant business Domestic services Other services excluding defense Defense Non- agri- cultural housing Total 1870 5,738 255 3,742 280 1,082 1,014 488 14,169 1875 6,595 356 5,453 412 1,438 1,025 1,586 172 614 17,651 1880 6,427 455 5,194 506 1,437 1,027 1,694 174 765 17,679 1885 7,525 563 6,110 629 1,741 1,024 1,760 185 880 20,417 1890 7,732 674 7,941 878 1,982 1,054 2,074 203 1,051 23,589 1895 8,573 757 9,732 1,073 2,478 1,081 2,383 243 1,301 27,621 1900 9,924 1,049 12,220 1,576 2,881 1,038 2,685 252 1,544 33,169 1905 10,231 1,201 13,931 1,984 3,564 1,060 3,088 261 1,869 37,189 1910 10,625 1,530 17,016 2,621 3,953 1,080 3,651 272 2,233 42,981 1913 11,270 1,903 19,902 3,146 4,415 1,061 4,000 346 2,437 48,480 % 1870 40.5 1.8 26.4 2.0 7.6 7.2 11.3 3.4 100 1913 23.3 3.9 41.1 6.5 9.1 2.2 8.3 0.7 5.0 100 This table shows the net product of the various economic sectors, as well as the sum total of these contributions, which, according to Alfred Stobbe (Volkswirtschaftliches Rechnungswesen, 3rd edition. Berlin, 1972, p. 331), amounts to the net domestic product at factor costs. [Walther] Hoffmann – probably neglecting the difference between the “domestic market” and “domestic residence” concepts [Inlands- und Inländerkonzept] – calls this “national income” or “net national product at factor costs” (p. 453).* The estimate was derived through the commodity service method based on production statistics and the additional use of the structure of employment and capital incomes according to economic sector in 1913. *According to the “domestic market concept” [Inlandskonzept], national income is defined as all income earned in the domestic market of a country, including income earned by foreigners who commute to jobs in the country, but excluding income paid to residents of that country who commute to jobs elsewhere. According to the “domestic residence concept [Inländerkonzept], national income is defined as all income earned by residents of a given country – trans. Source: Walther G. Hoffmann et al., Das Wachstum der deutschen Wirtschaft seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts [The Growth of the German Economy since the Middle of the 19th Century]. Berlin, 1965, pp. 454-55. Original German table reprinted in Gerd Hohorst, Jürgen Kocka and Gerhard A. Ritter, Sozialgeschichtliches Arbeitsbuch II [Social History Workbook II], 2nd ed. Munich: Beck, 1978, pp. 88-89 (note pp. 90-91).
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