| 11. |
Classicism: Excerpts from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Conversations with Johann Peter Eckermann (1824-1828)
The poet, author, and playwright Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) was the leading representative....
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| 12. |
Leopold von Ranke: Excerpts from Selected Works (1824-1881)
Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886) was one of the most important and prolific German historians of the....
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| 13. |
H.E.G. Paulus Opposes the Emancipation of the Jews in Baden (1831)
In the following excerpts, Heidelberg professor and theologian H.E.G. Paulus (1761-1851) speaks out against the emancipation of the Jews in Baden. According to Paulus, on account of their religious....
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| 14. |
Excerpts from the Pamphlet by Gabriel Riesser proposing the Emancipation of the Jews (1831)
In his published response to Paulus, Defense of the Civil Equality of the Jews with Respect to the Proposals of Mr. H.E.G. Paulus (1831), ....
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| 15. |
Carl von Clausewitz: Excerpts from On War (1832)
The Prussian Major General Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831), one of the leading military thinkers....
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| 16. |
Johann August Wirth at the Hambach Festival (May 1832)
In the south German states, political unrest in the wake of the Paris Revolution of 1830, restrictive....
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| 17. |
The Six Articles (June 28, 1832) and the Ten Articles (July 5, 1832)
The political unrest following the Paris Revolution in July of 1830 and the liberal-democratic demonstrations at the Hambach....
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| 18. |
Friedrich Bülau's Call for a Market-Oriented Solution to the Problem of Poverty in Germany (1834)
In his 1834 analysis of Germany’s economic problems, Leipzig economist Friedrich Bülau (1805-1859) argues that only free market solutions, not government restrictions, were capable of remedying poverty,....
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| 19. |
David Friedrich Strauss: Conclusion, The Life of Jesus (c. 1835)
With his first major work of biblical criticism, The Life of Jesus (1835), the Protestant theologian David Friedrich Strauss (1808-1874) created a stir by postulating that Christ was a mortal....
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| 20. |
Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz: Excerpt from the Essay "On the Causes of Crime Getting out of Hand" (1836)
Written by the Prussian noble landlord Friedrich August von der Marwitz (1777-1838), this essay relates to contemporary discussions about the expansion of public education for the lower classes,....
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