Documents - Politics

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11.	Reich Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow’s "New Year's Eve Letter" (December 31, 1906) Anticipating the coming Reichstag elections, Reich Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow (1849-1929) outlines....
12.	Social Democratic Tactics: Georg von Vollmar (1891) When state persecution came to an end in 1891, the Social Democratic Party looked for a practical as well as an ideological way forward. The influential Bavarian party leader Georg von Vollmar (1850-1922)....
13.	The Erfurt Program (1891) Although the following reform program, enacted at an Erfurt assembly in 1891, continues to call for revolution, it also provides evidence of a new practical orientation within the Socialist Party....
14.	Socialist "Revisionism": The Immediate Tasks of Social Democracy (1899) Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a leader of the Socialist Party and the main proponent of the "revisionist"....
15.	Socialist "Radicalism": Rosa Luxemburg’s "Social Reform or Revolution?" (1899) Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) was born into a middle-class Jewish family in Russian Poland. Her defense....
16.	A Police Officer Reports on Workers in a Hamburg Tavern (1898-1909) The following documents present workers in their own social milieu at the turn of the century. The conversations reported by this Hamburg police officer testify to the tense relations between workers....
17.	Germanization Policy: Speech by Ludwik Jazdzewski in a Session of the Prussian House of Representatives (January 15, 1901) During the Kulturkampf, Bismarck designated the Poles living in Prussian territory....
18.	A German Voice of Opposition to Germanization (1914) The founding of the German Empire under Prussian leadership in 1871 created the need for policies that would unite Germans culturally, politically, and symbolically. Separate ethnic and linguistic....
19.	Foreign Jews in Total Jewish and Alien Populations (1910) Large numbers of Jews emigrated from Eastern Europe to Germany and Austria-Hungary at the turn of the century. Drawn by economic opportunities in cities like Berlin and Vienna, these Jews had little....
20.	A Constitution for Alsace-Lorraine (1911) The province of Alsace-Lorraine had no constitution and was subject to direct Prussian administration. This situation was unsatisfactory for the local population and also helped preserve French animosity....
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