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41.	Christian Daniel Friedrich Schubart, Article from Deutsche Chronik (May 20, 1776) Christian Daniel Friedrich Schubart (1739-91) was a pugnacious and turbulent poet and journalist....
42.	Empress Maria Theresa Appraises the Character of Joseph II, her Son and Co-Regent (September 14, 1776) This letter, originally written in French, expresses Empress Maria Theresa’s displeasure over Joseph’s arrogant and wounding behavior toward several of her most trusted and highly placed officials,....
43.	Frederick II ("the Great"), "Forms of Government and the Duties of Rulers" (1777) Here, Frederick presents a version of social contract theory, in which monarchical power is justified....
44.	Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, The Education of the Human Race (1777) The renowned playwright and philosopher Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-81) shifted German intellectual....
45.	Exchange of Letters between Empress Maria Theresa and her Son Joseph II, Austrian Co-Regent, on the Subject of Religious Toleration (1777) These letters, originally written in French, reveal the gulf between Maria Theresa, who was unwilling....
46.	The Childhood and Youth of a Prussian Nobleman in the Late 18th Century. From the Memoirs of Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz (Retrospective Account) Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz (1777-1837) gained fame as a soldier in the years 1806-1815. During that same period, he also emerged as a leader of the conservative opposition, centered....
47.	Novalis, "Christendom or Europe" [Die Christenheit oder Europa] (1799) In his short, tragedy-ridden life, Novalis (1772-1801), born Friedrich Philipp von Hardenberg, wrote masterful poems that scaled the heights of early Romanticism. In this essay, composed in 1799....
48.	Frederick William von Steuben, Letter from New Windsor (July 4, 1779) Educated for military service in Prussia, Frederick William von Steuben (1730-94) distinguished....
49.	Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, Concerning the Amelioration of the Civil Status of the Jews (1781) Christian Wilhelm von Dohm (1751-1820), who distinguished himself in Prussian diplomatic and other administrative service, achieved European fame with this essay, which greatly influenced the emergent....
50.	Emperor Joseph II’s Toleration Patent for the Lands of the Austrian Empire (1781) This important ruling, formulated as an official instruction to the various provincial chancelleries, applied only to Protestant Lutheran and Calvinist as well as Greek Orthodox Christians in those....
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