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Images - Part III: Section E – Imperial Reformation
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1.   King Francis I of France (c. 1525-30)
After an unsuccessful campaign for the emperorship, King Francis I of France (r. 1515-47) became the principal political antagonist of Charles....
King Francis I of France (c. 1525-30)
2.   Elector Frederick III of Saxony, called "the Wise" (early 16th century)
Saxon elector Frederick III (“the Wise”) (1463-1525) provided critical support to Martin Luther. Although Frederick was a devout Catholic, he protected Luther after the Diet of Worms (1521) by having....
Elector Frederick III of Saxony, called "the Wise" (early 16th century)
3.   Emperor Charles V at Augsburg in 1530 (1530)
In 1530, Charles V (r. 1519-56) called the Imperial Diet to Augsburg in order to settle the religious schism that had erupted. His entry into the city with an enormous entourage was one of the most....
Emperor Charles V at Augsburg in 1530 (1530)
4.   Elector John Frederick I of Saxony, called "the Magnanimous" (c. 1533)
Elector John Frederick I (“the Magnanimous”) of Saxony (1504-54), the eldest son of Elector John (“the Constant”),....
Elector John Frederick I of Saxony, called "the Magnanimous" (c. 1533)
5.   Landgrave Philip of Hesse, called "the Magnanimous" (1535)
A principal leader of the Protestant movement from the mid-1520s on, Landgrave Philipp of Hesse (1504-67) founded the world’s first Protestant university in Marburg in 1527. In 1529, in the hope....
Landgrave Philip of Hesse, called "the Magnanimous" (1535)
6.   Emperor Maximilian II (c. 1544)
Emperor Maximilian II (r. 1564-76), the nephew of Charles V, continued the Habsburg policy of conciliating the Protestants. His court, which attracted people from many countries and of many skills....
Emperor Maximilian II (c. 1544)
7.   Battle of Mühlberg on April 24, 1547 (1547)
At the Battle of Mühlberg on the Elbe River, the combined forces of Emperor Charles V and Duke Moritz of Saxony defeated the Schmalkaldic League. The victory ended the Protestant resistance. Woodcut....
Battle of Mühlberg on April 24, 1547 (1547)
8.   Emperor Charles V in 1547 (1548)
This portrait of Emperor Charles V (r. 1519-56) was executed by his court painter, the Italian Renaissance master Titian. It shows Charles as victor over the Protestant Schmalkaldic League at the....
Emperor Charles V in 1547 (1548)
9.   Elector John of Saxony, called "the Constant" (undated)
Elector John (“the Constant”) of Saxony (r. 1525-32) was the younger brother of and successor to Frederick....
Elector John of Saxony, called "the Constant" (undated)
10.   Lazarus von Schwendi (1579)
The illegitimate son of a Swabian nobleman, Lazarus von Schwendi (1522-84) studied at Basel and Strasbourg. At age twenty-four, he entered the military service of Emperor Maximilian....
Lazarus von Schwendi (1579)
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