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Documents - Culture: Appropriate Expressions in West Germany
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1.   Hermann Hesse, Letter to a Young German (1946)
In 1946, writer Hermann Hesse, who had been living in Switzerland since 1919, and who had been critical of National Socialism after 1933, lamented the lack of insight and the self-righteousness of....
2.   Luise Rinser: Response to Hermann Hesse (1946)
The writer Luise Rinser had lost her husband in the war and had been arrested in 1944 following a denunciation. At the beginning of the war, however, she had published texts sympathetic toward National....
3.   Introduction to the First Issue of Frankfurter Hefte (April 1946)
A year after the end of the war, sociologist and political scientist Eugen Kogon and journalist Walter Dirks founded the journal Frankfurter Hefte. In the late 1940s and 1950s, Frankfurter....
4.   Wolfgang Borchert: Draußen vor der Tür [The Man Outside], Review from Die Zeit (November 27, 1947)
The writer Wolfgang Borchert was one of the most important representatives of the so-called Trümmerliteratur [Rubble Literature]. During the war, he was charged several times with undermining....
5.   Pastoral Sermon by Cardinal Frings against Die Sünderin (February 28, 1951)
In the postwar period, conservative-Christian moral ideas were slowly getting pushed aside, though the churches and certain segments of the political establishment and the public were still defending....
6.   "At the Border Movie Theaters: With Rubbish for Freedom!" Article from Blickpunkt (April 1956)
Until the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961, it was fairly easy to cross the border in Berlin. Young East Germans took advantage of the situation and attended special daytime screenings of Western....
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