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Documents - Germany in International Affairs
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11.   Bernhard von Bülow Dissolves the Reichstag over the Colonial Issue (December 13, 1906)
Bernhard von Bülow (1849-1929) had governed Germany since 1900 with a coalition of conservatives, liberals, and Catholics.....
12.   The Kaiser Opens the Reichstag (1907)
Wilhelm II opens the new Reichstag in 1907 with a speech celebrating the violent suppression of the rebellion in German Southwest Africa.
13.   The Fleet and Anglo-German Relations: Rear Admiral Tirpitz to Admiral von Stosch (February 13, 1896)
Alfred von Tirpitz (1849-1930) was Admiral of the German navy and chief architect of the massive increase in naval armaments....
14.   The "Risk Fleet:" Excerpt from a Draft Memo from the Budget Department of the Imperial Naval Office (February 1900)
The central premise of Alfred von Tirpitz’s “Risk Fleet” was that the German navy had to be large enough for an opposing....
15.   The Goals of the German Battle Fleet: Vice Admiral Eduard von Capelle (October 1911)
German naval leaders assumed that a strong navy would give Germany political leverage over Great Britain. This turned out to be a fatal miscalculation – the Anglo-French entente (begun in 1904)....
16.   England and the German Fleet: Alfred von Tirpitz looks back on the Naval Race (1920)
In his memoirs, Alfred von Tirpitz (1849-1930) looks back on the arms race that led up to World War I. He faults both....
17.   Strength of the German Army (1890-1914)
While the navy was the focus of increased popular attention after 1897, the army underwent slower growth. It registered increases in the number of officers and non-commissioned officers, but its....
18.   The Schlieffen Plan (1905)
Alfred von Schlieffen (1833-1913) had a long and distinguished military career, having fought as an....
19.   The Nationalists Mobilize on Behalf of the Army: An Appeal by the German Army League (February 1912)
The German Army League [Deutscher Wehrverein] was founded to promote the expansion of the German army. It had a loud voice in the parliamentary debates of 1912 and 1913, during which significant....
20.   The Official Responsibility: The Treaty of Versailles, Article 231 (June 28, 1919)
Among other things, the Treaty of Versailles laid the blame for the First World War on German aggression in 1914. During the Weimar era, this much hated pronouncement became a rallying cry for right-wing....
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