Documents - Germany at War, 1914-1918: Privation and Ferment on the Home Front

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11.	Opposition within the SPD (June 19, 1915) Although the early days of fighting were accompanied by the impression of popular unity, the consensus in favor of the war was fragile from the start, vulnerable to pressures from both the right....
12.	The Party Leadership Responds to Opposition (August 14-16, 1915) In an effort to shore up support for the war within their own ranks, the Socialists enacted guidelines for suppressing dissent. The socialist opposition to the war had to contend not only with party....
13.	Suppression of Anti-War Sentiment (November 1915) During the first two years of the war, voices of opposition of every sort remained scattered and powerless. Popular support for the war extended deep into the labor movement and ensured that agitation....
14.	Preventive Detention (December 4, 1916) Of the many measures to counter opposition to the war on the home front, preventive detention served the military leadership especially well. It removed dissidents and other potential critics from....
15.	Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg on the Effects of the Russian Revolution (March 28, 1917) The Russian Revolution in March of 1917 had an electrifying effect in Germany: it removed the Russian autocracy, the bogey that had persuaded the German Socialists to support the war in 1914. Also,....
16.	The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany: Guiding Principles (April 1917) The growth of grassroots labor protest accompanied the split of the Social Democratic party. In March 1916, the majority of the Socialists in the Reichstag, who had lost their patience with....
17.	The German Fatherland Party (September 1917) In the early summer of 1917, amid mounting skepticism about the success of the submarine offensive, Catholics in the Reichstag turned to the left, to join the Progressives and the Majority....
18.	The Call for a More Moderate Peace (December 4, 1917) The Fatherland Party quickly provoked the establishment of a counter-organization, the “People’s League for Freedom and Fatherland,” which embraced more moderate war aims and domestic reform at home.....
19.	The Strikes of January 1918 The events in Russia in 1917 had signaled a turning point for the German Left. The Independent Socialists (USPD) accommodated both “Centrists,” who called for an immediate end to the war as a prelude....
20.	The Minister of the Interior on Domestic Reform (May 1915) The consensus in favor of the war was precarious from the beginning, despite the impression of popular unity. The chancellor was responsible for preserving the domestic truce forged in the summer....
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